The Beautiful Wrath of God

The topics of wrath, hell, judgement, and punishment are heavy and difficult. They make us uncomfortable because we associate them with torment. We have Dante’s Inferno that terrorizes us. And so it’s important to tread lightly here.

I’m playing with fire, as they say.

So when is the first time “God’s wrath” is mentioned? I’ll tell you. It’s Exodus 15:7.

And in the greatness of Your excellence You overthrow those who rise up against You;
You send out Your burning anger, and it consumes them like chaff.
Exodus 15:7 (NASB)

You should read the whole chapter. It’s quite beautiful. The people of God are singing a song after being saved from Egypt.

While many translations say “burning anger” here, it’s the Hebrew word for wrath.

But at whom is this wrath directed? This is so important, because it sets everything else up and gives us a very clear picture of what God’s wrath is doing and why.

Picture Moses, Miriam and the rest of Israel for a moment. For the first time, we can sort of say “God is a God of wrath” here, but given the context, is there any universe in which Moses and company think the wrath is directed at them?

Of course not.

Wrath is for Egypt.

Let’s go back to the beginning and see how God repeats how things work. Before Adam and Eve. Before much of anything.

In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. And the earth was a formless and desolate emptiness, and darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the surface of the waters. Then God said, “Let there be light”; and there was light. God saw that the light was good; and God separated the light from the darkness.
Genesis 1:1-4 (NASB)

What do we see here? If we’re going to present light and darkness as themes of good and evil (which the Bible does), what does this show us?

God set things up in a certain way, to include darkness and chaos, but God has authority there, as well. He hovers like a dove (the promise of peace) and then shines a great light and separates the light from the darkness.

This is the repeated pattern of the entire Bible.

Light overcomes darkness, and it is God who speaks that into existence. But here’s the thing. It’s beautiful and poetic, but it isn’t a lived experience in the sense of the kind of darkness that people suffer. So God repeats the story in another way.

Enter the Serpent.

Adam and Eve are given a single rule and a known consequence: “Don’t eat the fruit or you’ll die.”

You can use philosophy and try to pin the blame on God for setting it in motion, but the story simply does not communicate that God is saying “If you eat it, I will kill you.” Rather, it is establishing the influence of darkness, personified by the Serpent. The Serpent is crafty, deceptive, and quite interested in manipulating Adam and Eve into disobedience. He succeeds, and the world is plunged into darkness.

But God calls Adam and covers him. There is light.

Then God separated the light from the darkness. We read what God says to the Serpent.

So the Lord God said to the serpent, “Because you have done this,

Cursed are you above all livestock
and all wild animals!

You will crawl on your belly
and you will eat dust
all the days of your life.
And I will put enmity
between you and the woman,
and between your offspring and hers;
he will crush your head,
and you will strike his heel.”
Genesis 3:14-15 (NIV)

Most Christians view this as pointing to Jesus defeating Satan on the Cross. Striking the heel wounds, but crushing the head kills forever. And John 1 calls Jesus “the Light of all Mankind.

The next story is Cain killing Abel. It’s another story of darkness, only this time, the curse of sin seems to have infected humanity so much that leads Cain to murder. Several generations go on, and we have Lamech bragging about murdering. He mocks God.

It’s dark again.

Six chapters in, the world gets quite grim. Darkness again. How dark?

Genesis 6:5 reads “…every inclination of the thoughts of the human heart was only evil all the time.”

God’s response? Wrath?

No. It’s grief. That’s what it says. God was sorrowful He made them.

This is so important to understand because there’s something happening in the background that we haven’t been told yet.

If we only see people “being evil,” you’d be inclined to just stomp out the evil and start over. Wrath!

But that’s not what’s happening here. Why grief?

Let’s go back to what I said earlier.

The picture of Egypt as the object of God’s wrath is critical here, despite the first half of Ezekiel 20 (much later) showing Israel’s idolatry within Egypt. God didn’t pour out his wrath on Israel. God saved Israel from Egypt. Why?

The answer to this starts with Abraham. The short version is that God promised to stay with his future generations, blessing those who bless him and cursing those who curse him, and promises to bless EVERYONE through him. Quite a promise. (And God delivers on that promise!)

In keeping this promise, God obligated Himself to His people, to be their God, and for them to be His people. And in this, we have a division between God’s kingdom and this… other kingdom.

Egypt?

No. The bigger kingdom. The Kingdom of the Air.

Stay with me now.

This Kingdom of the Air is called this by Paul in his letter to the Ephesians.

Air. It’s the thing we breathe unconsciously. We breathe in and breathe out, and it’s all around us, in everything. It is our lived reality, but we don’t see it. And in it, we were dead.

And you were dead in your offenses and sins, in which you previously walked according to the course of this world, according to the prince of the power of the air, of the spirit that is now working in the sons of disobedience. Among them we too all previously lived in the lusts of our flesh, indulging the desires of the flesh and of the mind, and were by nature children of wrath, just as the rest.
Ephesians 2:1-3 (NASB)

This kingdom is mentioned elsewhere as well. Paul talks about it in 2nd Corinthians. Here, the kingdom isn’t just a place where we are dead. We were also blind. (Note the “Let there be light” bit at the end there!)

… in whose case the god of this world has blinded the minds of the unbelieving so that they will not see the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ, who is the image of God. For we do not preach ourselves, but Christ Jesus as Lord, and ourselves as your bond-servants on account of Jesus. For God, who said, “Light shall shine out of darkness,” is the One who has shone in our hearts to give the Light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Christ.
2 Corinthians 4:4-6 (NASB)

In Colossians, Paul contrasts the Kingdom of Light with the Dominion of Darkness, pointing out that we who are redeemed have been rescued from the other kingdom through redemption. (This means “released by payment of ransom.”)

…and giving joyful thanks to the Father, who has qualified you to share in the inheritance of his holy people in the kingdom of light. For he has rescued us from the dominion of darkness and brought us into the kingdom of the Son he loves, in whom we have redemption, the forgiveness of sins.
Colossians 1:12-14 (NIV)

It’s not just Paul, though. John says this as well. In his first letter, he writes this. The whole world is under the control of the evil one!

We know that we are children of God, and that the whole world is under the control of the evil one.
1 John 5:19 (NIV)

Lastly, but probably most important, when Jesus is lead to the Wilderness to be tempted by Satan, what is Satan’s most interesting offer?

Again, the devil took him to a very high mountain and showed him all the kingdoms of the world and their splendor. “All this I will give you,” he said, “if you will bow down and worship me.”
Matthew 4:8-9 (NIV)

How can he offer the kingdoms, unless… he owns them? It wouldn’t tempting if he couldn’t!

So we get this picture from various writers of our New Testament that describe an invisible kingdom: we are slaves in it; we are dead in it; we are blind in it; Satan owns it. He owns it all.

But we who believe are ransomed by Jesus into the Kingdom of Light.

While we were dead and blind, we couldn’t worship God. We couldn’t even cry out to God. The dead don’t know what they’re doing. In the words of God to Jonah, “they don’t know their right hand from their left.”

So how does God fix this, and where does wrath come in?

Let’s go back to Egypt, which is the first time God’s wrath is mentioned.

I want to remind folks that even though the Exodus doesn’t mention Israel’s sin here, Ezekiel does later in Ezekiel 20. Israel worshiped Egypt’s gods. Because of course they did. They’re enslaved by Egypt.

Just like in the Kingdom of the Air, the enslaved inhabitants don’t see God. They’re blind. And they’re dead. They can’t even worship unless they’re rescued! But Pharaoh/Ruler of this World has no interest in this, and so he holds them. And then the plagues are threatened.

Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and say to him, ‘This is what the Lord says: Let my people go, so that they may worship me.
Exodus 8:1 (NIV)

In Exodus 4:23, God finally stands up from his throne to demonstrate His power; God seizes this other ruler by the throat, presses His face in closely and declares so loudly it shakes the world: “Because you have enslaved my son Israel, I am going to kill your son.

This. Is. Wrath.

There are 10 plagues, each representing different gods of the Egyptian pantheon. The first thing God does is spill the blood of the Nile, or Hapi. And then Heket, Geb, Khepri, Hathor & Apis, Sekhmet & Imhotep, Nut & Set, Seth, Ra, and then divine Pharoah himself.

WRATH.

With a mighty hand, the God of Israel poured out wrath on Egypt’s gods. He demonstrated His power to Israel during a time when they knew that there was absolutely nothing they could do. They were slaves, dead and in darkness.

Let there be light. God’s kingdom come.

This is the story of Egypt, but it’s also the story of God and the Kingdom of the Air. Everything Paul & John describe about the Ruler of this world and the kingdom of darkness is the spiritual equivalent, only this time, it’s the entire world. God must now save everyone.

EVERYONE, everyone? Maybe.

The price that was paid to free Israel came in the form of the blood of lambs, spilled and covering the door posts of God’s people. It was a symbol: life for life, paid to free God’s people. But not every household of Israel obeyed the rules.

Is this their lack of belief? I don’t know. But when the son of God crushed the head of the serpent, it was a greater Lamb’s blood that was shed on the cross. It was a greater Life paid for the life of God’s people. For the whole world.

But this time, there isn’t anything God’s people are required to do. We don’t have to kill a lamb ourselves, so we can’t fail the task. Perhaps God’s greater Lamb covers all the door posts, so that when the avenging angel comes, God’s wrath will pass over us all.

What about punishment for our sins? Isn’t there “wrath” for that? What about the wicked deeds of nonbelievers? What about the wicked deeds of people who now believe?

Let me give you a picture: The Kingdom of the Air is inhabited by the walking dead. The dead obey dead gods.

While they are dead, they do the wicked deeds that their dead gods demand, and they are accountable for them. While living in the Kingdom of the Air, they are under the cloud of the avenging angel of God’s Wrath. If God does not save, they will die.

But when they are redeemed, they are born as new citizens into the Kingdom of Light! The deeds they committed are wiped clean because the deeds are tied to their past selves. They are born again, covered in God’s righteousness. No longer guilty of wickedness.

This doesn’t mean that there’s no repentance or restoration. As the walking dead, the Kingdom of the Air forced us into harming one another, and in order to be made whole, we must repent. We aren’t under wrath, but we still must make peace with one another. And with God.

But we do so, not out of fear of punishment or terror, but as citizens in the Kingdom of God’s grace. We come as children, apologizing for the harms we caused, and knowing God’s tender grace. God knows us. God knows our hearts. There is only God’s goodness here.

But for the Ruler of the Kingdom of the Air, there is only God’s Wrath. When the end comes, we will see this kingdom roar like a beast, only to be seized and crushed and thrown into a lake of fire to be destroyed, along with the many gods within it.

Will God save everyone? I don’t know. I know that we are tasked to make disciples and to be a light and to proclaim the goodness of our God and this Kingdom of Light. Does this open the eyes of our neighbors who are stuck in the dark? Does it nudge them closer to the Cross?

I hope so. So that’s why I share the good news. That while I was dead, God brought me to life, opened my eyes and saved me from death.

God’s Beautiful Wrath will destroy the dark kingdom. It will destroy the serpent. It will destroy the darkness.

Let there be light.

Moment of Wrath

The destruction of the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah was a demonstration of God’s wrath and anger.

The rabbis asked about this anger and poured over the scripture to understand it better.

God is a righteous judge,
And a God who shows indignation every day.
Psalm 7:11 (NASB)

On the one hand, Psalm 7 teaches us that God is angry every day. In verse 11, some translations say “anger at the wicked,” but this is not what the text says.

It says anger. Every day.

So in response, the rabbis then ask, “if God is angry every day, surely God is not angry all day long.”

In Psalm 30, they point out that God’s anger only lasts “for a moment.” (phew!)

For His anger is but for a moment,
His favor is for a lifetime;
Weeping may last for the night,
But a shout of joy comes in the morning.
Psalm 30:

But then, how long is “a moment?”

There are several answers they provide as possibilities. Among them, this is my favorite:

One fifty-eight thousand, eight hundred and eighty-eighth of an hour, that is a moment.

God’s anger lasts a moment. And how long is a moment? One fifty-eight thousand, eight hundred and eighty-eighth of an hour, that is a moment.
Berakhot 7a:8

This translates into 1.01 seconds. God is angry for just one second per day! But… when?

Which second of the day is reserved for God’s anger?

One teaching says that nobody knows, except for one person in the world: Balaam, the wicked. If you recall, he’s the one who tried to curse Israel, but God flipped the script on him, causing him to bless Israel instead.

Then he took up his discourse and said,

The declaration of Balaam the son of Beor,
And the declaration of the man whose eye is opened,
The declaration of him who hears the words of God,
And knows the knowledge of the Most High,
Who sees the vision of the Almighty,
Falling down, yet having his eyes uncovered:
Numbers 24:15-16

The teaching says Balaam had secret knowledge of the exact moment God would be angry. Balaam tried to focus that anger at Israel to curse them, but he was unsuccessful. And so they suggest that even though Balaam knew the moment of God’s anger, God simply withheld his anger during that time, leaving only blessings available for Balaam to use on Israel. They point to Micah 6:5 as a remembrance of God witholding His anger.

It’s a fun thought, but it’s weird to think that Balaam would have this secret knowledge. It feels like a stranger-than-normal kind of thing.

Another teaching says that God’s anger occurs specifically at sunrise, linked to the kings of the earth setting their crowns on their heads at sunrise, giving their worship to the sun, and this teaching points to Sodom and Gomorrah.

The sun had risen over the earth when Lot came to Zoar. Then the Lord rained brimstone and fire on Sodom and Gomorrah from the Lord out of heaven,
Genesis 19:23-24 (NASB)

There’s a figure of speech that’s related to this: “the moment of God’s anger,” which is tied to when the sun rises, or more specifically, “when the rooster crows.”

And this is also tied to when a curse is possible, tying back to Balaam’s story.

A certain heretic who was in Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi’s neighborhood would upset him by incessantly challenging the legitimacy of verses. One day, Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi took a rooster and placed it between the legs of the bed upon which he sat and looked at it. He thought: When the moment of God’s anger arrives, I will curse him and be rid of him. When the moment of God’s anger arrived, Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi slept. When he woke up, he said to himself: Conclude from the fact that I nodded off that it is not proper conduct to do so, to curse people, even if they are wicked.
Berakhot 7a:19

Isn’t that interesting?

Sodom’s Sun God

The sun had risen over the earth when Lot came to Zoar. Then the Lord rained brimstone and fire on Sodom and Gomorrah from the Lord out of heaven,
Genesis 19:23-24 (NASB)

In the same way we learn that the plagues in Egypt point to God’s triumph over specific Egyptian gods, there is a teaching that says that the inhabitants of the 5 cities of Sodom and Gomorrah worshipped the sun.

ויאיצו, in order that their destruction should take place at the very moment the sun, their great god, would come forth. (compare Berachot 7)
Sforno on Genesis 19:15

Weeping with God

The Lord said, “Shall I hide from Abraham what I am about to do…?”
Genesis 18:17 (NIV)

The word “hide” in Genesis 18:17 isn’t the word khabah (חָבָא) that Adam used in Genesis 3:8-10. Khabah means to hide away to avoid being seen. It’s secretive.

God uses the word kasaw (כָּסָה), which is the same word used to describe Japheth and Shem covering Noah, shielding him. They aren’t trying to conceal their father. They are protecting him from shame and grief.

Similarly, God is not musing over obsecuring the truth from Abraham. It’s heavier than that. God is about to break Abraham’s heart by bringing him into the same grief that God experienced back in Genesis 6. It’s a spiritual and emotional burden.

So the Lord was sorry that He had made mankind on the earth, and He was grieved in His heart.
Genesis 6:6 (NIV)

Now, in the prior chapter, the rabbis suggest a special union was made between Abraham and God through Covenant. This brought in the divine Presence and in-dwelling of God into Abraham and changed the relationship. In this new relationship, God says: “You will share in my glory; and you will share in my heartache.”

So when God asks, “Shall I hide from Abraham what I am about to do,” this marks the first instance where a man of God is being brought into that heartache on a personal level. Abraham’s response gives us a clearer picture of God’s heart.

When God destroyed the world by flood, the text says that the thoughts and intents of the heart of all man was evil continually, except for Noah. Would God have destroyed the world if there were even more righteous people?

Look at Abraham’s words that reveal God’s heart.

Abraham approached and said, “Will You indeed sweep away the righteous with the wicked? Suppose there are fifty righteous people within the city; will You indeed sweep it away and not spare the place for the sake of the fifty righteous who are in it? Far be it from You to do such a thing, to kill the righteous with the wicked, so that the righteous and the wicked are treated alike. Far be it from You! Shall not the Judge of all the earth deal justly?”
Genesis 18:23-25 (NIV)

So when Abraham pleads with God, asking “What if there are 50 righteous people in the city? What if there are 40? 30? What if there are only 10?”, we are shown the kind of consideration God gave back in Genesis 6. God’s own heart broke over the rising wickedness.

Later, fire falls from the night sky to destroy the cities.

We have to picture Abraham watching and weeping, coming to the realization that there weren’t even ten righteous people in the city, just like there weren’t even two righteous people in the world before the flood.

Abraham weeps. God weeps.

Shall I hide from Abraham what I am about to do?

If you walk with God, you will weep, too.

The Power to Forgive

Suppose you have all the power in the world to address those who have wounded you.

1. You can forgive them and teach them how to live rightly.
2. You can harm them, exacting vengeance on them so they experience your pain.

Which do you choose?

This is a story of Noah.

Here is the setup:
There are Four Characters
There is Deception
There is Nakedness
There is Shame
There is a telling (Who told you that you were naked?)
There is Curse and Covering / Covering and Curse

Genesis 3 and Genesis 9 include these same elements in almost the exact same order

In Genesis 3 we have FOUR CHARACTERS: God, Adam, Eve & the serpent. There is DECEPTION, causing disobedience which leads to seeing their NAKEDNESS. They are ASHAMED. There is a (TELLING OF NAKEDNESS: who told you?). God CURSES the serpent & the ground, and then COVERS Adam & Eve.

In Genesis 9, we have FOUR CHARACTERS: Noah, Shem, Japheth & Ham. There is DECEPTION (Proverbs 20:1 links deception to wine) which leads to seeing Noah’s NAKEDNESS. He is SHAMED by his son Ham to his brothers as there is a (TELLING OF NAKEDNESS). The brothers COVER Noah, and then Noah CURSES Ham’s son.

Rabbi Marty Solomon, quoting Rabbi Fohrman sees a clear link here. He suggests Noah was familiar with the story of Genesis 3, and he could have learned the lesson: God cursed a wicked thing and forgave the ones who disobeyed.

Instead, Noah curses the one who shamed him, even after the brothers cover him.

In this view, Noah is even reminded about the covering by his sons before he launches into vengeance. He had every opportunity to stop and remember God’s handling of Adam and Eve. He could have forgiven them and covered their shame.

But he choses violence instead.

I’m tempted to fault Noah here, but given the power to forgive, taking the pain on myself or the chance to exact vengeance where I can inflict my pain back on them (7-times? 77-times?), how often do I fail to forgive?

This is a story about all of us. And here, we are shown the consequence of what happens when we fail to forgive.

By cursing Canaan, an entire people are subjected and enslaved. This curse is so great that Israel’s suffering is largely because of the generations of Canaan that live in the Promised Land.

Perhaps generational curses are the result of unforgiveness.

Perhaps forgiveness changes the world.

End of Days

The Hebrew in Genesis 6:13 says something wild. Look at these two translations: the Youngs Literal Translation (YLT) and the NIV:

The first thing you may notice is that one says “all flesh” and the other says “all people.”

And God said to Noah, `An end of all flesh hath come before Me, for the earth hath been full of violence from their presence; and lo, I am destroying them with the earth.
Genesis 6:13 (YLT)

So God said to Noah, “I am going to put an end to all people, for the earth is filled with violence because of them. I am surely going to destroy both them and the earth.
Genessi 6:13 (NIV)

But look at this word “end.” This word, when it isn’t connected to a specific time (like “end of 40 years,” or “end of his reign“) has a much more… eternal meaning.

I. end
1. end, at the end of (of time)
2. end (of space)
H7093: קֵץ (qēṣ)

There are two places in the Torah where this word is not connected to a specific time. Here, and back in Genesis 4 when Cain and Abel offer an offering to God.

This is an eternal image. This is not only our past. It is our present and future.

This passage can be read: “the end of all flesh is before me because the earth is filled with violence through the works of the flesh. I will destroy all flesh with the earth.”

If you read my Ish/Isha (flesh/spirit) post about Genesis 2-3, you’ll see a connection here.

If the Flood is a symbol of death & picture of baptism, where the flesh dies and is raised again by the Spirit of God, the destruction of the flesh is not disaster. It is what we long for: Not the death of wicked people, but the death of our sinful selves… so we can live.

Was Enoch “Raptured?”

Enoch walked faithfully with God; then he was no more, because God took him away.
Genesis 5:24 (NIV)

Some believe in the “Rapture,” a future event where God will simply whoosh Christian believers away into heaven before the “Great Tribulation,” where God’s judgement is poured out like liquid from a bowl that floods the world in God’s wrath.

They look at Enoch as an example, who is also taken up.

This does make some of us wonder why Noah, who was called “righteous in his generation” was not taken into heaven like Enoch.

Forgiveness is Greater than Vengeance

When Jesus tells Peter to forgive 70 times 7 (or 77, depending on translation), He is countering the vengeance in the story of Cain and Lamech.

Then Peter came to Jesus and asked, “Lord, how many times shall I forgive my brother or sister who sins against me? Up to seven times?
Jesus answered, “I tell you, not seven times, but seventy-seven times.
Matthew 18:21-22 (NIV)

Lamech said to his wives,

“Adah and Zillah, listen to me;
wives of Lamech, hear my words.
I have killed a man for wounding me,
a young man for injuring me.
If Cain is avenged seven times,
then Lamech seventy-seven times.”
Genesis 4:23-24 (NIV)

Wrath

But on Cain and his offering he did not look with favor. So Cain was very angry, and his face was downcast.
Genesis 4:5 (NIV)

It is ok to be angry. It’s ok to be “VERY angry.”

But the word here is a kindled fire. It is wrath that points to vengeance and destruction… only we are not wise enough to know how to apply it rightly, so it burns out of control.

This wrath is reserved for God, who is the only one who can wield it correctly.