Abimelech’s Challenge

But Abimelech had not come near her; and he said, “Lord, will You slay a righteous nation also?
Genesis 20:4 (NKJV)

When Abimelech, who does not know Abraham’s God, is challenged by God in a dream, his response is fascinating.

“Will you slay a righteous nation as well?”

On the one hand, Abimelech defends himself and his actions, so his statement can be rendered this way: If you destroy this nation with me in it, you’ll have destroyed a righteous man.

This links to the previous chapter, where a city was destroyed.

On the other hand, Sodom and Gomorrah are like the wicked world destroyed in the flood. The rabbis say that Abimelech’s word might be as follows:

“If this is how You judged the generation of the Flood and the generation of the Dispersion, perhaps they too were innocent.”

You might think, “how could Abimelech possibly dare to speak to God like this?!”

Perhaps this is why God came to him *in a dream,* and why Abimelech merely refers to God as Adonai, and not as the divine name or as God Himself.

Singular and Plural

Looking up, he saw three figures standing near him. Perceiving this, he ran from the entrance of the tent to greet them and, bowing to the ground, he said, “My lords! If it please you, do not go on past your servant.
Genesis 18:2-3 (The Contemporary Torah, JPS 2006)

Most translations say “my Lord” in this verse (singular), but this is actually the plural noun “adonai.”

The rabbis debate over whether this is intended as a majestic title (like “Elohim”), or if Abraham is calling all three of them “lords”.

But “you” is singular here.

Let a little water be brought; bathe your feet and recline under the tree.
Genesis 18:4 (The Contemporary Torah, JPS 2006)

But in the next verse, the verbs switch back to referring to a plural subject. “Bathe” and “recline” are plural verbs here.

Grammatically, it is very strange. One possibility is that Abraham is sometimes just talking to one of the men, and sometimes talking to all three.

Scholars debate this. It’s quite odd.